Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health challenge, affecting millions of people each year. One of the biggest obstacles in controlling TB is identifying the disease early especially in individuals who carry the infection without showing symptoms, known as latent TB. Without early detection, these individuals can later develop active TB and contribute to the spread of the disease.
To address this issue, scientists are exploring new ways to detect TB more quickly and accurately. One promising approach involves the use of biomarkers small biological signals in the body that can indicate the presence of disease. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as powerful tools in medical research.
A study titled “Expression of miRNA-142-3p in Peripheral Blood From Active and Latent Pulmonary Tuberculosis”, published in Journal of Neonatal Surgery by EL-MED-Pub on 6 February 2025, investigates the role of one specific microRNA: miRNA-142-3p. This tiny molecule plays a role in regulating gene activity and immune responses in the body.
The research found that the levels of miRNA-142-3p in the blood differ between individuals with active TB, latent TB, and those without infection. This means that miRNA-142-3p could potentially serve as a biomarker to distinguish between different stages of TB. In simple terms, a blood test measuring this molecule could help doctors identify whether someone has active disease, a hidden infection, or is completely healthy.
This finding is important because current TB diagnostic methods have limitations. Many rely on sputum samples, which can be difficult to obtain, especially from children or certain patients. Other methods, such as imaging, may not always provide clear results. A blood-based test using miRNA-142-3p could offer a faster, less invasive, and more accessible alternative.
This innovation directly supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: Good Health and Well-being. SDG 3 aims to end global epidemics such as tuberculosis by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Early and accurate detection is key to breaking the chain of transmission and ensuring that patients receive timely care.
However, it is important to note that this research is still developing. More studies are needed to confirm the reliability and practical use of miRNA-142-3p in clinical settings. Despite this, the findings provide a promising step forward in the fight against TB.
In conclusion, the discovery of miRNA-142-3p as a potential biomarker highlights how even the smallest components of the human body can have a major impact on health. By advancing diagnostic technologies and increasing awareness, we move closer to a future where tuberculosis can be detected earlier, treated more effectively, and ultimately controlled worldwide.
Reference:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.1588
Contact:
Prof. Muhammad Nasrum M
+62 811-412-202
nasrumm@unhas.ac.id
