MAKASSAR, Indonesia Apr 13 2026/NGEnergy/ – What if the materials around us (both natural and synthetic) could be transformed into sources of energy? Could future wearable devices be powered not by batteries, but by smart materials that generate electricity from our daily movements? These questions are driving rapid innovation in nanogenerator technology, where the choice of material plays a central role in determining performance and sustainability.
Nanogenerators are devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy using two main principles: the triboelectric effect (friction between materials) and the piezoelectric effect (pressure-induced electricity). While these mechanisms are essential, the efficiency and practicality of nanogenerators depend heavily on the materials used. Scientists are now exploring a wide range of materials, including metals, natural substances, semiconductors, and engineered synthetic compounds.
Based on the study “Science Mapping of Nanogenerator Research Development to Harvest Energy from Human Body Motion for Wearable IoT Devices”, published in JOM by Springer Nature on 10 November 2025, these materials are categorized into four main groups. Each group offers unique characteristics that influence how effectively energy can be harvested from human motion.
Metals such as aluminum and copper are commonly used due to their high electrical conductivity and strong mechanical properties. They are reliable and cost-effective, making them suitable for large-scale applications. However, metals tend to be less flexible and may experience reduced performance in certain environmental conditions. In contrast, synthetic materials, particularly polymers, are designed to be flexible, lightweight, and adaptable. These properties make them ideal for wearable devices that must be comfortable for continuous use.
Natural materials are becoming increasingly important in this field. Substances like cellulose, chitosan, and gelatin are biodegradable, non-toxic, and widely available. Although their energy output may still be lower compared to synthetic materials, their environmental benefits make them highly attractive for sustainable technology development. Semiconductors, on the other hand, offer high efficiency and sensitivity in energy conversion but often require more complex fabrication processes.
The growing interest in environmentally friendly materials directly supports SDG 15: Life on Land. By utilizing biodegradable and sustainable resources, nanogenerator technology can help reduce environmental damage caused by electronic waste and non-degradable materials. The shift toward natural materials reflects a broader effort to protect terrestrial ecosystems while advancing technological innovation.
At the same time, the development of these advanced materials also contributes to SDG 4: Quality Education. Research in nanogenerators provides valuable learning opportunities for students and researchers, helping them understand how material science, physics, and engineering can be applied to solve real-world problems. It encourages innovation and critical thinking, which are essential for building a sustainable future.
Despite the promising potential, challenges remain. Researchers must find ways to improve the performance of natural materials while maintaining their environmental advantages. Balancing efficiency, durability, and cost is still a key issue in the development of nanogenerator materials.
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In conclusion, materials are the foundation of nanogenerator technology. From durable metals to eco-friendly natural resources, each type plays a vital role in shaping the future of energy harvesting. By combining scientific innovation with environmental awareness, nanogenerators have the potential to become a sustainable solution for powering next-generation wearable devices.
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Reference:
DOI:Â https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-025-07845-7
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Contact:
Prof. Sri Suryani, DEA
+62 882-4208-7149
